环境与能源管理系统套件
碳管理系统
碳数据通常在报告截止前才被拼凑出来。活动数据从电费发票、燃气表读数、油卡、差旅报销、采购记录和供应商问卷中收集，汇成一张表格，算成一个数字，然后上交。下一次披露，同样的工作再来一遍。
碳管理系统把它变成一本台账。活动数据来自已在运行的能源、生产、采购和财务系统，按范围一、二、三归类，与所选定的排放因子和核算边界一一对应，每个数字都留存生成过程记录。它与能耗管理系统共享同一套活动数据——一次采集，两处使用。
碳数据的价值取决于其证据的价值。审核方、客户和监管机构很少只问数字是多少，他们会问：数据从哪来、用了哪个排放因子、核算边界是否与去年一致、之后又改了什么。碳台账的存在，就是为了让这些问题答得上来。
无法复现的数据，就无法负责任地报告。
它是什么
三大范围一套结构。直接排放、外购能源与价值链排放纳入同一边界、同一规则管理，而非在三张表格里各算各的。是一本台账，不是年度快照。每个数字都携带活动数据、所用因子、因子版本、计算边界与修订历史。去年是怎么算出来的，随时可查。活动数据来自已在运行的系统。能源、产量、采购、燃料、运输、差旅与废物数据取自已持有它们的系统，尽量不重复录入——并与能源管理共享，而非采集两遍。因子由您来管理。因子库连同来源、版本与生效日期一并导入维护。因子变更时，历史是重算还是维持原口径，是一个预先配置的决策，而非事后才发现的意外。碳足迹细至单件。从台账到产品：按单件、批次或订单计算碳足迹，用的是单位能耗背后同一套产出数据。减排单独核算。减排项目拥有自己的基线、边界与核算期，并与所对照的清单分开管理，两者不会被混为一谈。
当下的阻碍是什么
The numbers are everywhere, the evidence is nowhere. 数据被采集了，它是怎么产生的却没有被记录。
活动数据散落在发票、计量表、油卡、报销单、采购记录与供应商问卷里。各有各的格式，各有各的时间。每次披露都重新收集一遍。而收集本身就是边界漂移之处。某个数字从哪来，只有做那张表的人知道。而那个人往往早已不在岗位上。交出去的是一个结果，不是过程。一旦被质询，拿不出任何步骤。
范围三是难点。难在数据，不在算术。
供应商数据拿不到。或只能得到一句「我们没测」。拿不到的地方，按采购金额估算。估算与实测质量不同，最后却进了同一个总数。不同客户给同一家供应商发不同问卷。收回的答案彼此对不上。数据质量不分级。实测值与粗略估算在表里看起来一模一样。
每份报告都是从头再建。能延续的只有工作量。
Factors change, and two years stop being comparable. Without anyone being able to say exactly where the difference sits.
去年的核算无法复现。Because the sheet was assembled by hand and the formula was written on the day.
Boundary changes, reorganisations, acquisitions and disposals break the series. And rebuilding the history is not feasible.
When audit asks how a figure was produced, the answer is a search through old messages. Which is not an answer.
Reduction claims that do not survive scrutiny. 减排量有了说法，依据却没有。
减排背后的基线年份、边界与核算期没有落成文字。减排量因此无法核验。节能项目做完了、能耗降了，碳当量却没有任何声明的计算依据。于是无法对外报告。减排与运营改善各报各的。两套数字互相对不上。结果永远进不了披露文件。因为没有任何东西可供审计师重新执行验证。
它核算什么
三个范围，以及之下那个问题：每个数字从何而来。
Scope | 覆盖范围 | Where the activity data usually comes from |
Scope 1 — direct | Fuel burned on site, own vehicle fleet, process emissions, fugitive releases | Energy and metering systems, fuel purchasing, equipment records |
Scope 2 — purchased energy | Purchased electricity, steam, heat and cooling | Energy management systems, invoices, supplier settlement |
Scope 3 — value chain | Purchased goods and services, upstream transport, waste from operations, commuting and business travel | Purchasing and ERP, logistics, waste contractors, travel and expenses |
数字按生成方式分级，估算绝不会被当作实测呈现。
等级 | 含义 | 如何使用 |
实测 | 来自计量表或系统记录 | 直接进入清单 |
计算 | 由活动数据与排放因子推导 | 记录所用因子及版本 |
供应商提供 | 由供应商报告或开具 | 记录来源及获取时间 |
估算 | 由代理指标或支出推导 | 单独标记并报告，以便优先改善 |
系统按您选定的方法和边界进行组织、计算与报告：边界划在哪里、包含哪些类别、采用哪套因子、历史如何处理，全部是配置，由用户决定。某结果是否满足某项披露要求或标准，系统不做判断——这一判断属于外部审核方、客户或监管机构。因子库由用户导入和维护；本产品不提供任何排放因子数值，也不为任何数值背书。
您将获得
应用场景
不同场景之间的差异，在于哪些范围占主导、哪些活动数据最难获取，以及结果是要交给谁的。
场景 | 碳工作通常聚焦 |
出口制造与品牌供应链 | 客户碳足迹问卷、产品级数据，以及可复算的证据 |
多厂集团 | 同一口径合并、厂际对比、连续不断的序列 |
高耗能流程工业 | 范围一的过程与燃料排放、范围二的外购能源、减排项目单独核算 |
汽车零部件与机械 | 逐层级采集供应商数据，按质量分级而非等量齐观 |
电子与半导体 | 外购电力占主导，及其消耗结构 |
食品饮料与中央厨房 | 冷链与加工能耗、包装与废物、运输 |
核心能力
按职能划分。能源计量、分摊与成本由能耗管理系统负责；本应用把那些活动数据转化为碳数据。
Capability | What it means |
Organisational boundary | Configure which entities, sites and facilities are included, and how they roll up. |
Reporting period and baseline year | Set the periods reported and the year reductions are measured against. |
Category inclusion rules | Decide which categories are in and which are out, and record the reasoning against the boundary. |
Scope 1 | Activity data and calculation for fuel burned on site, own fleet, process emissions and fugitive releases. |
Scope 2 | Purchased electricity, steam, heat and cooling, sharing the collection already done for energy management. |
Scope 3 | Purchased goods and services, transport, waste, commuting and travel, with supplier collection and submissions managed. |
Data quality grading | Mark figures as measured, calculated, supplier-provided or estimated, and report the mix rather than hiding it. |
Estimation recorded | Where estimation is used, record the proxy or basis, so it can be revisited and improved. |
Factor library management | Import and maintain factors with source, version and effective date. |
Factor versioning | Decide whether a factor change recalculates history or leaves prior periods on the basis they were reported under. |
Ledger and traceability | Each figure keeps activity data, factor, version, boundary and revision history, with changes logged. |
Approval and locking | 评审、批准并锁定核算期；此后的变更须经审批并保持可见。 |
Product footprint | Carbon per unit, per batch and per order, against output from production systems. |
Reduction accounting | Register reduction projects with their own baseline, boundary and period, kept separate from the inventory. |
Restatement and comparison | Recalculate after a basis change and show what moved between one version and the next. |
Reporting output | Produce inventory, disclosure, footprint and reduction results in a structure you configure. |
Integration | Energy management, production systems, purchasing and ERP, finance, travel and expenses, waste contractors. |
部署方式选择 | Run in the cloud or on your own servers, usually decided by where the underlying data may be processed and stored. |
Access and retention | Role-based access, retention set by policy, with access and changes logged. |
工作原理
Set the boundary. Organisational scope, reporting period, baseline year and which categories are included.
Bring in activity data. From energy, production, purchasing, finance and travel systems — sharing the collection already done for energy management rather than collecting it twice.
Choose factors. Import and maintain the factor library with source, version and effective date, and set how history is treated when they change.
Calculate and grade. Organise by scope one, two and three, and mark every figure as measured, calculated, supplier-provided or estimated.
Review and lock. 核对、批准并锁定核算期；锁定后的变更须经审批并保持可见。
Report and carry forward. Produce inventory, disclosure, footprint and reduction results, and continue from the existing ledger next period instead of rebuilding it.
方法、边界与它不决定的事
Methodology is chosen by you. 边界、类别、因子与依据都是配置项。系统按您选定的依据计算，而不是替您选择。
It does not judge compliance. 结果是否满足披露要求、某项标准或客户规范，由外部审核方、客户或监管机构判定。本产品不给出此类结论。
It supplies no factor values. Factor libraries are imported and maintained by the user. No emission factor values are built in and none are endorsed.
History stays explainable. When a factor or boundary changes, recalculation or retention of the original basis is configurable, and either way the change and its effect are recorded.
How it divides the work with energy management. 能耗管理系统负责能源的计量、分摊与成本核算；本应用把活动数据转化为碳数据。前者不做碳核算，后者不重复采集。